If I understand your question, you are asking if the team that drafts you can decline to place you on a minor league team. I think that they will certainly place you at least in the complex league for the remainder of your signing year; after spring training the following year, they will place you again, usually by age in A ball (college players to high A, high school players to low A), although highly ranked prospects may start in AA.
I think you have probably about two years in A ball to progress. I have seen one college player cut from low A by May of the year following the draft. That's unusual. Generally, if the team signs you, they will try to develop you for a few years. If you don't progress at all or go backward, player development can release you. And yes, a higher signing bonus indicates that a team will try to stick with you longer; if you sign for 1K, you are much easier to cut. I also believe you can voluntarily "retire," if the club agrees.
Was that the OP's question or am I on the wrong track here?