The biggest punishment for the Astros is the image hit they already have experienced.
Just 1.5 years ago the Astros were the super Cinderella story from tank to super team who beat the league with smarts and revolutionized player dev and now everyone calls them cheaters.
Luhnow did a great job and might be the best gm of all time but he made some bad decisions for marginal gains. Imo here it shows that he is from mckinsey who are about optimizing numbers and not public relations.
The osuna case is a good example. This is nothing unique and other teams have done it too but it just was unnecessary, they already were a super team before that and could have gotten another good reliever for maybe one more solid but but not top prospect but luhnow like the does went for maximum value and thus pissed off several people not only in media but also inside the org including their ace verlander who very outspokenly ripped a Detroit DV offender.
The taubman incident was another incident were luhnow completely misjudged the public dynamic.
It might be not fair but now the sign stealing is seen in conjunction with those incidents and the Astros have the image of a heartless company with no morals who would do anything for winning legal or illegal kinda like a wall street finance company.
Now this might not be different from other orgs but other teams at least pretend to be that while luhnow doesn't even try and now that they were caught crossing the line the fantasy is open and people imagine he would do anything,
Luhnow is a very good GM but feel for sentiment and public relations is not his thing.