No Child Left Behind

Coach

Now you have gone and done it----you are giving people ideas

Sounds pretty close to middle school ball around here.

That may be the best description of NCLB as I have heard...and I shall borrow it and use it for one of my education classes at some point.

I started teaching in 1981 and NCLB is the worst thing I've seen come down the pike. I will admit that poorly run schools did it to us and we are reaping what we sowed.... but still, it is so bad on so many levels....

Oh Coach - that is so funny.... yet not so funny. So many issues with NCLB isn't there.

I have never heard one positive thing about NCLB - why is the program still here?

quote:

Originally posted by trojan-skipper:
I started teaching in 1981 and NCLB is the worst thing I've seen come down the pike. I will admit that poorly run schools did it to us and we are reaping what we sowed.... but still, it is so bad on so many levels....

WE ARE IN ABSOLUTE AGREEMENT!

Coach2709, Interesting Post!

quote:

Originally posted by coach2709:
I'm sure most of you have already seen this but I think it's a pretty funny criticism of the educational problems we have in our schools.


NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND: The Baseball Version

1. ALL teams must make the Regional Tournament and all MUST 2win the championship. If a team does not win the championship, they will be on probation until they are the champions, and coaches will be held accountable.

If after two years they have not won the championship their baseballs and equipment will be taken away UNTIL they do win the championship.

2. ALL kids will be expected to have the same baseball skills at the same time even if they do not have the same conditions or opportunities to practice on their own. NO exceptions will be made for lack of interest in baseball, a desire to perform athletically, or genetic abilities or disabilities of themselves or their parents.

ALL KIDS WILL PLAY BASEBALL AT A PROFICIENT LEVEL!

3. Talented players will be asked to work out on their own, without instruction. This is because the coaches will be using all their instructional time with the athletes who aren't interested in baseball, have limited athletic ability, or whose parents don't like baseball.

4. Games will be played year round, but statistics will only be kept in the 4th, 8th, and 11th game. This will create a New Age of Sports where every school is expected to have the same level of talent and all teams will reach the same minimum goals.

No child gets ahead, so no child is left behind.

If parents do not like this new law they are encouraged to vote for vouchers and to support private schools that can screen out the non-athletes and prevent their children from having to go to school with bad baseball players.

I had never seen this before! What a riot! Did you see that the Kentucky Assembly is trying to do away with CATS testing and replace it with something more geared to the ACT? My goodness, something that makes sense? NO! It can't be!

Wow, how in the world is NCLB still around? People were complaining about that thing when I was in high school!

Powertoallfields I have heard that about the CATS test which I am truly praying for. NCLB is one of the worst ideas ever created. It's nice to think that we can teach every kid to be proficient but let's face it that is an impossible task.

There are some kids who come to school just to escape for 7 hours their home life. Do you really think they care what I am teaching about the Revolutionary War? We need to change our priorities a little and bring back the old school days of school.

One thing that gets me is differentiated learning. While it is a good idea on paper it is a nightmare to try and do in a classroom. For the nonteachers DL is when you teach one concept several different ways with several different types of assessment in order to reach all the different type of learners.

To sum it up - they want one teacher to teach one lesson 7 ways to 25 kids to try and make sure each kid that learns differently will be reached with the lesson. It's a nightmare.

We should all remember that NCLB is the result of the failure of the education system, not the failure of the federal government.

Education and healthcare, two very prominent issues are in reality the province of state and local government (as is maintenance of infrastructure).

It is because of this failure that NCLB was enacted at the demand of the American people.

If the goal is to prepare our children to the point of being able to compete as a measure of success of education or coaching, then NCLB is also a success.

The previous failures of state and local education systems were addressed and improvements are now being touted by those same education systems.

The irony is that those same failing education systems are trying to take credit for the improvement rather than attributing the improvement to NCLB policies.

.
Geeze Coach...I'm a bit worried...

...shouldn't there be something in the baseball version about trophies for everybody?

44
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quote:

Originally posted by Quincy:
We should all remember that NCLB is the result of the failure of the education system, not the failure of the federal government.

Education and healthcare, two very prominent issues are in reality the province of state and local government (as is maintenance of infrastructure).

It is because of this failure that NCLB was enacted at the demand of the American people.

If the goal is to prepare our children to the point of being able to compete as a measure of success of education or coaching, then NCLB is also a success.

The previous failures of state and local education systems were addressed and improvements are now being touted by those same education systems.

The irony is that those same failing education systems are trying to take credit for the improvement rather than attributing the improvement to NCLB policies.

Lots of teachers on here so I know I'll offend some but the educational system in this country has done terrible job of educating our kids for the past 30 years. Something had to be done. What's wrong with requiring that our kids be taught to read and write? It would also be nice to teach them to make change for a dollar.

quote:

Originally posted by baseballregie:

Lots of teachers on here so I know I'll offend some but the educational system in this country has done terrible job of educating our kids for the past 30 years. Something had to be done. What's wrong with requiring that our kids be taught to read and write? It would also be nice to teach them to make change for a dollar.

You’re right, something had to be done. Perhaps, parents might take the time to read to their child. Perhaps, that child would be told that school comes first over all other things including sports, jobs etc. Perhaps people might want to realize that sure the educational community shoulders a part of the problem but CAN NOT replace diligent parents who are the MAIN PEOPLE responsible for that child's education. We live in an age of biological parents. People, and I believe the majority that frequent this site, who are true parents realize that there is a partnership involved. The phrase "it takes a community to raise a child" hold true at all times. However, when it comes to notions that test scores will determine the success of students. Not only does this not perpetuate a good educational system, it destroys the stated goal of a proper education. Does anyone believe that teachers are better for this? Yes, some school can cite improved test scores. I'll venture a guess that those children are now taught the various "tests" and when it comes to all other information not necessary to that test score, that information is pushed to the side. Those same kids will not have various skills necessary in everyday life and/or to function appropriately at the collegiate level. That's my opinion. NCLB is destroying schools in numerous way but all of the politicians are afraid to attack this parasitic program since their political foes would jump at the chance to make charges that they are against the concept of preventing children from being left behind. CAN YOU SAY LET'S ALL WATER THE SYSTEM DOWN SO THAT EVERYONE CAN HAVE SUCCESS? I'm going to make a bold statement here. I'd venture a guess that out of 100 teacher's you'd ask about whether they feel that this legislation has improved school systems, you'd be hard pressedto find 5 that would honeslty say yes. jmho!

There is one sure fire solution to those against NCLB. That would be to do a better job at the state and local level of the educational system.

Parents certainly have a role in their child's education, but educators are supposed to be professionals or the best educators since they are being paid for the service.

The American people gave the educational system a failing grade.

Rather than having the federal government run schools, hospitals and repair our roads, state and local authorities should start doing their jobs and being responsible to the citizenry they are supposed to be serving. If they aren't vote em out and get folks who will.

We'z in A'merca now Toby.

Education starts at the home. If the parents aren't taking an active role in helping their kids, it's an uphill battle. Parents have to be involved with their kids education. Standardized testing in many states has gotten out of hand, but little Johnny should learn to read and write at home first.
By the time a kid gets to kindergarten, if he can't count to ten or say the ABC's it's the parents fault.
There are kids in HS or middle school that are "hall walkers". You can preach to them about studying, extra credit assignments to help them, etc.... they just don't care. Had a friend who told me he offered to tutor after school for some kids who needed help in math classes. Guess how many of the "struggling kids" showed up? Guess how many parents show up to teacher conferences that are really concerned about their kids education?
You get the picture. A good foundation starts at the home.

I agree with everything CoachB25 said. He has hit the nail on the head. If it doesn't start at home it will never get taught at school.

Kids don't have an ownership in school because they know they will be passed along. Failure has been eliminated in school because it hurts emotional growth. I'm not joking but I had a class working on my masters degree in secondary school counseling and the professor told us that teachers should NEVER grade papers in red ink because it is associated with failure. I brought up the point it's associated with failure because the kid failed to live up to their responsibility to be prepared for the assignment.

It's ridiculous what teachers have to do now in order to "teach". We do teach the test. My school is getting ready to start study sessions for the CATS test that will be taken in the spring. We are going to shave time off the first 4 periods so we can create a block of time to go over types of CATS test questions. According to the rules and system in place this isn't wrong.

For the last 3 years at my school the social studies scores on the CATS test went up - only department in our school to do so. This past school year the social studies scores went down and everyone freaked out. Said we were doing a terrible job and needed to change our teaching practices. They even got us subs for a day so we could work with an expert. I found it very insulting that for 3 years we were good teachers and one single year branded us as bad teachers.

In Kentucky they are tested in the 8th grade and 11th grade. I asked if we could compare the scores of the failure group in the 11th grade to the scores they had in the 8th grade. Their scores went up in the 11th grade compared to their 8th grade scores. Our social studies department was still viewed as failures though.

How stupid is that? We made those kids better.

Educators are gauged by how well they educate the children they teach.

If the children fail, it is the fault of the teacher.

What is so hard to understand?

You argue that home schooling should prepare students for their entry into schools and parents' responsibilities for such preparation.

Why does this not sound like a vote for abolishing the education system in favor of home schooling?

If the example class failed, then they were poorly prepared for the test. Hence the failure of the teacher in preparing them.

In the same given example, the failing children with other educators did much better. What is the logical conclusion to be drawn?

A coach's role is similar but a bit easier because a coach can pick his players from all who tryout. A teacher cannot.

An educator cannot blame the students for failure, just as a craftsman cannot blame his tools for a poor product.

Quincy, we see this from different perspectives. I understand everything that you say. I have been fortunate to win numerous teaching awards and have been a candidate for Illinois Teacher of the Year. However, I often feel like a huge failure. Take my 2nd period class. I have 9 special needs kids in that class. I have 2 more that have 504 plans that don't meet all of the requirements BUT still receive special considerations. I have more kids of this nature than a Special Education Teacher has in their classrooms per contract. Hard to believe isn't it. I have 34 students per class. Now, what about those other kids? Yet, no one is to be left behind. In your remarks, you clearly put the blame on teachers. What is the responsibility of a teacher such as myself when I have that kid for 50 minutes a day. That leaves 23 hours and 10 minutes where they are not in my classroom. I save as many as I can. In fact, I'd post an email I received this week from a former student that would tear your heart out. It did mine. Still, these words will fall on deaf ears. In our state presently the average career in education now for regular ed teachers is 6 years. For Special Ed it is 4 years. In my 23 years of teaching, I've had 8 student teachers. Only 4 of them are currently teaching although all 8 were hired right away. I wonder why? Since we're into analogies, that's like were firing at a target where 6 shots are required to take the target down. However, we only have one chamber that is loaded. (OK so I'm not so good at the analogy stuff. )

Gotwood4sale, made a pot last week when were out for the weather. Lasted several days. It was a good time around the house and not unlike that scene from Blazing Saddles. Oh - To much info! Sorry!!!

I understand your plight and understand your feelings on the matter.

You are apparently an educator who sees the class as a group of individuals as compared to a single mass. This is very laudable.

As with any group setting success or failure is an average of the group. As with the bell curve, there is an assumption that a few will be higher than average, a few will be lower than average but the average must be a level of competence.

If the majority of the group falls into the average, or competent range, then success is assumed. This analogy would be getting a good score when firing ten shots at a large target.

For the problem child who may have special needs or special circumstances, there is only so much you can do. Others must assist you as the need is not the norm. This case would meet the analogy of the six shot take down but only one shot.

The asumption of the CAT people is that the special needs child is the minority which would allow an acceptable level of failure.

In your role as a good shepherd, you have concern for each of your charges. The better you can seek out or ask for the special help that a special needs child would find beneficial, the better you will score.

This is where the system often fails the lost lamb. There are guidance people, school psychologists and others that should give their help to the lost lamb before that lamb is offered into your care for that short period.

This in my view is better accomplished on a local basis rather than a national basis.

Quincey i'm not saying we shouldn't hold teachers accountable - we should be held accountable. We should have high standards to live up to but to say it's entirely the teacher's fault is crazy.

Coach B25 said it best - we got those kids for 50 minutes a day. What are they doing the other 23 hours and 10 minutes? What are they doing when they get home? Do the parents help them with homework? Do the parents do the homework for them?

It is useless to give homework anymore. Through "cooperative learning" students think there is nothing wrong with getting an answer from a classmate. When I say that is cheating they look at me like I am crazy. If I give something out and they take it home it's a given they will be on the phone telling each other the answers. They put no effort into working for the answer. It was given to them - no ownership.

Go back to my example of a failure class. Technically a class doesn't fail this test but they don't live up to the standard the state set. We arbitrarily use fail and pass but it really has no meaning.

In my example we are comparing Susie to Bobby which is not how we should measure success. Compare Susie to Susie and Bobby to Bobby. Think about it like this.

Bobby comes from a poor neighborhood and has to work a 8 hour job after school just so his family can pay the bills and not lose their house. His father is nowhere to be found and his mom has to work a night shift job. Bobby also has to make sure his brothers and sisters are taken care of. He does love math and is good at it naturally.

Susie comes from the upper middle class neighborhood. She plays for the school golf team and her dad is home at 5 everyday from his job. She has her own car and her whole family comes to her golf matches. She hates math and really struggles with it. Her family did get her into a tutoring program to help her.

Should we compare the scores of those two when we do the tests? Or should we compare Bobby's score from 4 years ago to the one he just got and same with Susie?

We compare each student to one another and each class with each class. The crazy thing is the class of 2008 could be stronger than the class of 2009 as a whole - it happens. Is it fair to compare them to one another or compare how the class of 2008 did as freshmen versus what they did as seniors and same with 2009?

The problem with test scores is we are comparing apples to oranges to limes to refrigerators to cars to space shuttles. It's not as simple as the politicians say it is.

Coach B25 hit another nail on the head when he talked about special needs kids in regular ed classes. Don't get me wrong I am not against these kids and think the world of them. They truly amaze me and I love being around them. BUT I don't want to teach them. I am not trained to teach them and I don't see how it benefits them to be in a classroom with regular ed kids. When you have a classroom of 30 kids and 7 are lower level, 19 are middle of the road and 4 are high end it's impossible to reach them all. There are some super teachers out there who can do it but I am not one of them. I have been to training after training of different strategies and I try to implement them but I just don't reach everyone. I try to reach the 19 middle of the road kids and hope for the best on the rest.

It doesn't matter if it hurts feelings but we need to segregate kids by learning levels and learning styles. By doing this we can focus on reaching every kid instead of hoping for the best as it is now.

quote:

We should all remember that NCLB is the result of the failure of the education system, not the failure of the federal government.

You make good points. The changes to group learning and fuzzy math were made by local educators and school boards. Socialism at its best. No personal responsibility.

Each time the federal government has touched education things have gotten worse. Busing was a quaint idea that failed the overall education environment miserably.

NCLB was the product of such failed experiments as group study, fuzzy math, whole word instead of phonics, as well as social promotion.

These failed programs tied the hands of many educators.

A return to the system that recognizes that all children will not go to college is the answer. Bring back shop classes, remedial courses and advanced classes.

State schools can be re-established for problem children and truants.

The federal government does not want to be in the education business, and as we have seen it shouldn't be.

I'm concerned that the folks that brought us NCLB & Katrina will soon be handling my health care ... surely they will get it right this time

not all kids are able to or want to excell academicly ...

if they can't keep up academicly (or don't want to) they should be removed from the academic track so as not to hinder "academic achievers" & they can be taught other productive life skills ...

there will always be a need for laborers in agriculture, construction, food service, lawn care, & landscaping etc.

the earlier they are prepared for the work force the better for them

if some decide that they want to give the academic route another shot, then ...
after picking lettuce till dark, they can find an evening/weekend tutor program to help them catch up & re-enter school. ya may also see moms helping by reading to their 14 yr olds like they should'a done 12 yrs earlier


jmo .. but a good one

Bless you, all of you in this thread who are teachers. I have 3 close relatives who are teachers.

My oldest sister teaches 3rd grade and is one of the hardest working, most intelligent, and most caring professionals I know. She puts in so much extra time working on lesson plans and making learning as interesting as she possibly can. The most frustrating thing in education for her is when the time of year comes when she has to steal time from the subjects that she believes her students should be learning, to "teach for the tests".

My sister-in-law teaches high school, and the most difficult thing she has mentioned is teaching a large class which includes the entire spectrum of mental capabilities from special needs thru college-bound, high-GPA students. How can a single teacher possibly present a lesson that's appropriate for all of those students, without any help in the classroom?

And another sister teaches at the community college level. She sees such a huge range of preparedness among incoming freshmen, from those who could attend any college in our state, to those who can barely read (she is an English teacher with a Masters degree and work toward her PhD). She keeps long office hours, meeting with the lower end of the spectrum to help them, but encouraging them to take responsibility for their progress going forward.

I have worked in a number of different professions in my career, and I can't think of any that were as difficult as teaching.

quote:

I'm concerned that the folks that brought us NCLB & Katrina will soon be handling my health care

NCLB was brought to us as the failed educational policies of the 90's.

The mismanagement of the Katrina aftermath was brought to us by the failed government of Louisianna.

If you don't want government controlled healthcare vote Republican.

quote:

by quincy: NCLB was brought to us as the failed educational policies of the 90's

by whom??

btw, what part of the US Constitution gives the feds authority to control local & state education policies

quote:

If you don't want government controlled healthcare vote Republican

actually, if you listen carefully "government healthCARE" is NOT the proposal ...
the proposal is "government run health INSURANCE"

1) participation mandantory, NOT voluntary

2) premiums will come directly out of EVERYONE'S paycheck

3) premiums will spiral upward, as there is no mechanism to control medical costs/wages except free market competion which would no longer exsist - if price and wage controls are forced ... health care quality MUST decline

4) don't forget about the additional taxes required to bail out the insurance companies who will lose a huge chunk of their business to the feds

5) the waiting line for MRI's will be months

6) the wait for TJ will be so long, it would be impractical & young players careers would simply end

quote:

btw, what part of the US Constitution gives the feds authority to control local & state education policies

The Constitution gives Congress many powers defined and through the passage of Acts undefined powers.

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-110), often abbreviated in print as NCLB, is a controversial United States federal law (Act of Congress) that reauthorized a number of federal programs aiming to improve the performance of U.S. primary and secondary schools by increasing the standards of accountability for states, school districts, and schools, as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children will attend. Additionally, it promoted an increased focus on reading and re-authorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA).

Democrat

Clinton - Universal Healthcare

Obama - Government mandated Health Insurance

Republican

McCain - Government assisted purchase of Health Insurance

Huckaby - unclear (smoking ban, fines for becoming ill, quarantine of infectious patients, etc.)

quote:

by da'Q: The Constitution gives Congress many powers defined and through the passage of Acts undefined powers.

oh really??

US Constitution, Tenth Amendment -

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people"

by the mid 1800's self-serving politicians were rapidly expanding the role of the federal government to suit their own needs ... the 10th amendment was ratified to make things clear ... crystal clear

it has been ingnored again by the elite politicians who know what's best for us, and have become expert at picking our pocket$ ...



btw, behind the scenes Repubs & Dems are one and the same (elite rulers) - -
the seeming philosophical differences are to keep us common people occupied & arguing while they accumulate (steal) wealth & power

nclb could not pass a constitutionality test

quote:

by Q:
Democrat

Clinton - Universal Healthcare
Obama - Government mandated Health Insurance

Republican
McCain - Government assisted purchase of Health Insurance

btw 1 - I can't help but notice that the 3 of those mentioned above are ... how do I say it??

they ALL are current "US Senators" - - ie: they write & pass laws like healthcare, etc .. how many have they written & attempted to pass? 2 of them are in the majority party - the other one isn't, but sucks up to it

so why do they say that (health) legislation can only happen if they are pres (exec branch) and no longer in a position to write it?

and why do we buy it??


just wondering

NCLB was enacted in 2001, by the current president. Follow the money on this one. It's really sad to find out just who is getting rich off our kids.

Bee is absolutely correct - I'm just a bit more brass - again follow the money. both parties.

I heard something interesting the other day, over 7 million people without healthcare in the US make over 75K a year.

Can I vote for ya Bee? You make more sense than all 3 combined.

Actually NCLB was an act in Congress as of January 3, 2001. The current president signed it into law in 2002.

Bee,

You hit on the big question of the election phase. Members of Congress cannot reasonably talk about Change when they have not initiated any in their time in the House or Senate

History tells us that most often governors are elected. Some do a good job while some give us the Jimmy Carter Experience.

Huchaby is sufferring under the cloud of the last two southern governors elected president.

With my views, the best candidate was Duncan Hunter.

Fred Thompson must not have watched the move "The Candidate". All the elements to win the presidential election are in that movie.

I think Obama saw it.

George W. Bush is the 43rd President of the United States. He was sworn into office on January 20, 2001,

The Act was passed in the House of Representatives on May 23, 2001, Senate on June 14, 2001 and signed into law on January 8, 2002.

While I'm sure it would be a feather in the cap of any president, George W. Bush just happened to be the president when the NCLB was passed.

Sen. Kennedy was a strong advocate for education reform previously to undo the damage of the Voodoo Education Act of 1994 (otherwise known as the Educational Research, Development, Dissemination, and Improvement Act of 1994.)

I hear about the problems of funding the bill being laid at the door step of the president. The president does not control funding. This is the province of the US Congress.

interesting discussion ...
and while I agree that "it takes a village to raise a child" ... I can do so because I can see that village outside my window

what I don't buy is that it takes a "fed bureaucracy to raise a child"

quote:

by Q: Bee, You hit on the big question of the election phase. Members of Congress cannot reasonably talk about Change when they have not initiated any in their time in the House or Senate

it seems kinda relevent, soo ...
why has no "talking head" ever asked that question during interview??

why didn't "frosty the stupid snowman" ask it during the video debate?

It seems the real reason nobody has brought it up is the fate that befell the last senator elected president.

There is no nice way to touch on the issue without someone raising that spectre.

The Dems are probably waiting until McCain is the nominee before bringing to light the fact that he was born in Panama.

Hillary looks like she is about to implode so Obama may be person to make it known.

quote:

Originally posted by Quincy:
...

Where o where would research be without 'Wikipedia'.

NCLB

The effectiveness and desirability of NCLB's measures are hotly debated. A primary criticism asserts that NCLB could reduce effective instruction and student learning because it may cause states to lower achievement goals and motivate teachers "to teach to the test." A primary supportive claim asserts that systematic testing provides data that sheds light on which schools are not teaching basic skills effectively, so that interventions can be made to reduce the achievement gap for disadvantaged and disabled students.

Up for possible reauthorization in 2007, a new Congress is considering major revisions, as one group of 50 Republican senators and representatives introduced legislation in March 2007 to provide states much greater freedom from NCLB's controls and punishments.

The Re-authorized Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA), also requires that the schools distribute the name, home phone number and address of every student enrolled to military recruiters, unless the student (or the student's parent) specifically opts out.

Selected References

http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2001/roll145.xml
Senate roll call vote

Section 9528 of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Section on Military recruitment (PDF - English). Retrieved 6/7/07.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/schools/nochild/ List of articles regarding NCLB debate

Battle Grows Over Renewing Landmark Education Law, New York Times, April 7, 2007

(nd) Original deadline of 2005-06 extended, see Letter from Secretary. Department of Education website. Retrieved 6/8/07.

(nd) Teacher Quality Guidance. Department of Education website. Retrieved 3/8/07.

Multiple-Choice Tests. Retrieved on 2008-01-19.

Do state tests make the grade?. Retrieved on 2008-01-19.

(01/08/2002) PUBLIC LAW 107–110. Department of Education. Retrieved 1/20/08/.

[http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/choice/implementation/achievementanalysis.pdf Title I School Choice, Supplemental Educational Services, and Student Achievement]

(2006) No Child Left Behind Act Is Working Department of Education. Retrieved 6/7/07.

Mizell, H. (2003) NCLB: Conspiracy, Compliance, or Creativity? Retrieved 6/7/07.

No Child Left Behind. Federal Legislation and Education in New York State 2005. New York State Education Agency. Retrieved 6/7/07.

(nd) Reauthorization of NCLB. Department of Education. Retrieved 6/7/07.

(2004) Bush Education Ad: Going Positive, Selectively. FactCheck.org. Retrieved 7 June 2007.

Haney, W. (nd) Evidence on Education under NCLB (and How Florida Boosted NAEP Scores and Reduced the Race Gap). Center for the Study of Testing, Evaluation and Education Policy. Lynch School of Education. Boston College. Retrieved 7 June 2007.

(nd) SEC. 9528. ARMED FORCES RECRUITER ACCESS TO STUDENTS AND STUDENT RECRUITING INFORMATION. Department of Education. Retrieved 6/7/07.

Beyond NCLB: Fulfilling the Promise to Our Nation's Children, February, 2007. Retrieved 6/8/07.

Forum on Educational Accountability. Retrieved on 2008-01-03.