Stafford - Definitely sounds as though your young senior is experiencing what we commonly refer to as "growth spurts". I also have a 16 yo (soph) who's been in this mode for about a year now and really into a period of tiredness and moodiness currently. It has come in phases over the past year or so with a lot of growth. Many if not most 16 yo's are in and out of such phases, but it's a question of how dramatic the changes. My son is currently a few ticks over 6'2" and still appears to be growing. As I mentioned in another post a while back, my wife has an MA in education and has studied a lot on the subject of teenaged sleep needs. She has sent me various studies regarding sleep and teenagers... no matter how many times I pretend not to read them. The upshot of what I've gathered is that
1. There's a big link between sleep and physical growth, which we all sort of know intuitively. So teens who are in a growth cycle will sleep a lot. And conversely, when teen sleep patterns are consistently interrupted... Growth can be curtailed. So for those with a son who's one of those continual late night video gamers, watch out. Computer, iPad, and tv screens throw the internal clock out of whack, especially when used at night (true for us all, not just teens).
2. It's not really the amount of sleep that teens get, but instead the quality of sleep that is key to max growth. Specifically, it's not so much how early they get to sleep but how quickly they can get into certain cycles of sleep that is critical. Most of the key sleep phases occur in the early morning hours, somewhat regardless of how early a teen gets to sleep. So sleeping in is important.
Anyway, I'm certainly no expert on all this but just sharing what I've seen on the subject. My wife has sent me a lot of this because she questions the wisdom of early morning workouts. Wants me to go show it to the AD... Ha! She knows a lot about child development, not so much about how teams and programs work. Our son has early baseball lifts every M-W-F which require him to be up by about 5a. Of course despite my wife's questioning of this... My son enjoys lifting and being a leader at the lifts is important as a teammate too. But... I don't doubt the research she's shown me on the importance of early morning sleep for teens. We go so far as to unplug or turnoff ringer on all phones in the house on Friday and Saturday nights plus leave son's cell phone downstairs... So that he can hopefully sleep in as long as possible on weekends.