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Basically there's no muscle contraction from the arm from the cocking phase to release.

There's plenty of reasons for arm injuries, such as improper warm up. Not being conditioned to throw the amount of pitches expected of them.
Sitting on the bench (instead of moving around, keeping the body temperature up), stretching, heavy weight lifting, lifting that reduces range of motion
Improper mechanics (putting undo stress on the arm)
Long toss over 180 feet puts increased stress on the elbow.
etc...
quote:
Originally posted by PGStaff:
Gotta admit, I got lost in a lot of that technical stuff. Did I read that the arm plays no part in what?


Tom House would tell you, and I would tend to agree, that roughly 80% of a pitcher's velocity is GENERATED by the muscles of the hips and torso. Mills and Rushall seem to agree.

The other 20% of force production comes from things like the stride.

That force is then TRANSMITTED to the ball by the shoulder and arm. However, transmitting force is different than generating force.

To use a car analogy, the muscles of the hips and lower torso (assisted by the stride) are the engine, the shoulder and arm are the transmission, the hand and wrist are the suspension, and the fingers are the tires.
quote:
Originally posted by XFactor:
There's plenty of reasons for arm injuries, such as improper warm up. Not being conditioned to throw the amount of pitches expected of them.
Sitting on the bench (instead of moving around, keeping the body temperature up), stretching, heavy weight lifting, lifting that reduces range of motion
Improper mechanics (putting undo stress on the arm)
Long toss over 180 feet puts increased stress on the elbow.


I agree.

As I am learning with my stupid 2000 Honda Odyssey, which needs its third transmission in 135000 miles, things can break down even if they aren't generating force.

UCLs tear because the muscles of the hips and lower torso generate forces that the arm can't always withstand.
I agree that the best way to get lost in this discussion is wallowing in the medical and technical studies presented. While I am sure these mean a lot to the well-educated, well-seasoned, professionals in the field, to me they are confusing and hard to understand (maybe because I am a business student, not a pre-med student). I agree with PG that arm action must in some way contribute to velocity.

So back to my original question. I understand that the hips and torso are the key to maximizing velocity. That aside, I am wondering what others think is the appropriate path for the arm to follow from handbreak to release. thepainguy has shown me, through explanation, photos, and video clips, that he disagrees with the idea of making "the inverted w". I am wondering what everyone else thinks.
quote:
I don't think it's safe to say the arm generates most of the velocity, as it'd be safer to say the speed of movement and momentum (the faster and more explosive you move with good mechanics) will generate more elastic energy, which funnels up to the arm, and the arm helps deliver the elastic energy. Important, yes, but the source of the velocity?


Maybe I missed something. Where in this conversation did anyone say that the arm was the source of velocity?
I guess I'm the one at fault. I don't see how a pitcher's arm could be moving slow while his pitch is reaching Zumaya-level velocities. I understand that the hips and torso are generating the power for the pitch and not the arm. If working correctly, however, doesn't arm speed have something to do with the process of throwing hard? Why then do scouts assess the arm action of potential prospects?
You can read the study yourself, EMG on the arm, no muscle contraction from the cocking phase to the release point, that means the arm isn't moved from muscle contraction. It's all elastic energy.

You're moving a 5 oz baseball. Strength does not have much to do with it. It's the elastic energy.

A lot of people have a hard time wrapping their heads around it, and ignore it. Or say "Yeah, I get it." Then continue advocating foolish things such as weighted balls, long toss, flat ground throwing. Science would say that doesn't fly, but I can tell you some people aren't as open minded.

Did you know the last person to believe the world to be flat died in 1987

That should be proof enough that not everyone will embrace this, even when science suggests otherwise
"no muscle contraction from the cocking phase to the release point, that means the arm isn't moved from muscle contraction. It's all elastic energy."

Where does this elastic energy come from? If it begins in the lower body with the hips and torso, how is it transmitted to the throwing arm? How do you suggest a pitcher get his arm from handbreak to release point?
quote:
Then continue advocating foolish things such as weighted balls, long toss, flat ground throwing.


Just a thought............why don't you ask your guru Dick Mills why he used softballs in his program, and had his son use them to increase his velocity prior to a scouting showcase. The use of over-under training serves a useful purpose....Mills never found out how to use it, therefore he deemed them useless, therefore you follow. And while you're at it, ask him why he could never explain the efficiency of Rivera, or why he touted Zito as a student, but why Zito never exhibited any form of his instructional mechanics, or better, why his own son never exhibited the mechanics he was selling to the public as a million dollar delivery.

There are studies (with actual players) illustrating the effects of weighted baseball training and their ability to help increase velocity.....whether the weighted baseballs improved torso efficiency or arm strength or arm quickness or any or all of these in any combination, weighted baseball training does indeed work..the training and positive results can't be denied.

As well, long toss has its merits. The psychological aspect alone on throwing hard(er) is worth the price of admission. You just need to be smart enough to know how to use the body differently when throwing flat ground verses mound. Bet you (or your guru) don't understand this….oh that’s right…..the world is flat for some.

Stay on track UNHBaseball11....didn't mean to veer off on a tangent, but the Dick Mills look-alike shook the cage.
Last edited by cap_n
Hmm... you are gonna have to explan the differences. They are all simualr in many ways
I'd love to discuss....great topic.

quote:
Originally posted by thepainguy:
quote:
Originally posted by jacetheace:
His arm action is not the problem. Arm problems at that level can be fixed...he got there already. What about all the high school kids with arm problems. That's what this site is all about. Smoltz's arm action is clean and it works well. There are many others with that arm action who have survived also.


I disagree.

I think Smoltz's arm action has contributed to his problems (as has Pedro Martinez's). I grant you that it's not as bad as Prior's.

However, it's certainly not what Maddux, Ryan, Koufax, Seaver, Gibson, and those guys do/did.
Well I won't argue for Mills,

If you want to argue against science though - which you're trying to do - and it's cute, really, it is. Good luck

You've obviously never heard of the Principle of Specificity.

Perhaps you should look it up?

There have been no scientifically correct weighted-ball studies to show an increase of velocity on a 5 oz baseball.

I'd suggest you read these two blogs. And my gosh, if you don't understand it the first time, feel free to re-read, and re-read, and look up terms you don't know, and do research on the subject. Who knows, you might actually learn something.


http://www.pitching.com/blog/119/why-i-dont-sell-weight...you-shouldnt-buy-it/

http://www.pitching.com/blog/130/pitching-velocity-impr...-time-wasting-plans/
I think this is a good time to re-focus this thread. This argument regarding the effectiveness of weighted balls, long toss, and other forms of pitcher training, while interesting and important, is best saved for a different thread.

I've read many convincing arguments regarding the importance of arm speed and arm action to pitching velocity. While it seems as though there is a concensus that the hips and torso are key, debate begins when we shift to discussion regarding the pitching arm.

Personally I don't see how a pitcher could generate the speed to throw a major league fastball without making his arm accelerate to and through the release point with high velocity. As XFactor points out through his scientific explanations, there are definite opinions to the contrary.

To me all this scientific explanation is best reserved for debate by professionals in classrooms. I am, after all, a college freshman looking to improve my pitching through practical means.

My question to all then, including XFactor, is what do you personally believe is the appropriate arm path to take to deliver the baseball with speed and accuracy? How should a pitcher get his arm from handbreak to release point to throw effectively (forgive me if I sound redundant but I am still in search of answers)?
quote:
Originally posted by jacetheace:
Hmm... you are gonna have to explan the differences. They are all simualr in many ways
I'd love to discuss....great topic.

quote:
Originally posted by thepainguy:
quote:
Originally posted by jacetheace:
His arm action is not the problem. Arm problems at that level can be fixed...he got there already. What about all the high school kids with arm problems. That's what this site is all about. Smoltz's arm action is clean and it works well. There are many others with that arm action who have survived also.


I disagree.

I think Smoltz's arm action has contributed to his problems (as has Pedro Martinez's). I grant you that it's not as bad as Prior's.

However, it's certainly not what Maddux, Ryan, Koufax, Seaver, Gibson, and those guys do/did.



What is wrong with Smoltz' arm action?? He missed one season (2000) due to elbow sugery and has pitched 18 great years in the big leagues. Guys don't pitch 18 years in the big leagues if they have arm action that will hurt them.

Of the pitchers you mentioned, Koufax retired due to elbow problems, Ryan had elbow surgery in 1978 and Gibson's rt arm is bent like a boomarang and he pitched in pain for the last half of his career.

Also, Smoltz is going to be 40 in 2 months and is still pitching great.

What you should do is take your kids outside and pray that you can teach them the arm action that John Smoltz has.
quote:
Originally posted by thepainguy:
quote:
Originally posted by deemax:
Pain, Im not sure what you are refering to as a shortarm...


Some people would characterize this photo as showing short-arming...



Maddux's arm action has also changed some over the years.



bbscout's clip show more of a vertical down then up action. As this photo shows, Maddux's current arm action is more down, out, and up.



The still pics are for getting autographs, not for explaining mechanics. Your still pics don't show anything about arm action.

Do you know what a short armer is????
quote:
Originally posted by thepainguy:
quote:
Originally posted by jacetheace:
It makes no sense to claim that one arm action is the cause of problems. Look at Smoltz. Why then is he not hurt and so durrable.


Smoltz has had a series of shoulder problems, which is one reason why he has moved between the rotation and the bullpen.



Smoltz has not had any shoulder problems. He missed one year (2000) due to elbow surgery and has never missed any time in his 18 year career due to shoulder problems. He went to the closers role and pitched in 75 games his first full year as a closer......does that sound like a guy with shoulder problems??? He then pitched in 62 games and 73 games the next two years and then went back to starting and pitched well over 200 innings the last two years at age age 38 and 39. Anyone that thinks they should not emulate Smoltz is someone that should not be allowed to teach pitching to anyone. If you came near my grandkids with this advice, you would get belted.
quote:
Originally posted by bbscout:
quote:
Originally posted by thepainguy:
quote:
Originally posted by deemax:
Pain, Im not sure what you are refering to as a shortarm...


Some people would characterize this photo as showing short-arming...



Maddux's arm action has also changed some over the years.



bbscout's clip show more of a vertical down then up action. As this photo shows, Maddux's current arm action is more down, out, and up.



The still pics are for getting autographs, not for explaining mechanics. Your still pics don't show anything about arm action.

Do you know what a short armer is????

Also, those pictures are taken at 2 completely different parts of his delivery.
quote:
Originally posted by UNHBaseball11:
However, there are also those that believe that pitchers should scalp load and drive their pitching arm elbow up and back to deliver the baseball to the plate. This can be seen clearly in the arm action of pitchers like Joel Zumaya, Adam Wainwright, Mark Prior, and to a less clear degree in the styles of Daisuke Matsuzaka, Matt Cain, and Tim Lincecum. This style of throwing has often been criticized as the cause of elbow injuries.


Jumping back to the original post, I don't believe scap loading requires the same arm action as that of the above named pitchers.
quote:
Originally posted by UNHBaseball11:
Taking into consideration the information presented thus far, I'll offer two more questions. What are the essential checkpoints to powerful mechanics? What are the mechanical absolutes for achieving optimum pitching velocity?


In addition to the specific mechanical aspects that have been mentioned (e.g. separation of hip and shoulder rotation), the timing of the mechanics also figures significantly into the equation.
quote:
Originally posted by UNHBaseball11:
Where does this elastic energy come from? If it begins in the lower body with the hips and torso, how is it transmitted to the throwing arm?


I'm not a Mills guy (so don't pound on me) but I am familiar with some of his ideas. I believe Mills says that energy begins with the stride - not with hips and torso. He claims hip and shoulder rotations are only transfers of that energy. (Someone correct me if I'm wrong.)
Last edited by Roger Tomas
quote:
Originally posted by UNHBaseball11:
My question to all then, including XFactor, is what do you personally believe is the appropriate arm path to take to deliver the baseball with speed and accuracy? How should a pitcher get his arm from handbreak to release point to throw effectively (forgive me if I sound redundant but I am still in search of answers)?

I don't worry about arm action unless I think it is truly causing a problem. But that has proven to be very rare. Instead, other aspects of the delivery are almost always the source of issues for the pitchers I work with.

But, if I had to decribe the appropriate arm path, I'd say it would be the one that provides proper timing for the pitcher's delivery.
Pain
quote:
I disagree.

I think Smoltz's arm action has contributed to his problems (as has Pedro Martinez's). I grant you that it's not as bad as Prior's.


Smoltz and Pedro have bad arm actions?

Smoltz arm....

Pedros arm....

You take two HOF pitchers who started thier professional careers in the 80's (its now 2007), and say thier arm actions contributed to thier arm promlems??? Arm actions? Arm actions! They are now old in MLB years. That more then anything has contributed to any arm problems these two may now have.

What would you have these pitchers change in thier arm actions?
Last edited by deemax
quote:
Originally posted by bbscout:
Smoltz has not had any shoulder problems. He missed one year (2000) due to elbow surgery and has never missed any time in his 18 year career due to shoulder problems.


Yes he has. From 2005...

"Smoltz is the winningest pitcher in playoff history, but Cox will start Hudson in Game 1. Although Smoltz says his nagging shoulder injury is improving, Hudson is more likely to be able to go on short rest...Smoltz hasn't started since Sept. 23, but he says he sat out just to be on the safe side: "Rather than push it for no reason, I chose to scale down my innings."...But Smoltz's shoulder, plus the Braves' season-long struggles to find reliable fourth and fifth starters, are concerns given the Astros' pitching strength."

http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/playoffs/2005-1...-braves-astros_x.htm
quote:
Originally posted by thepainguy:
quote:
Originally posted by bbscout:
Smoltz has not had any shoulder problems. He missed one year (2000) due to elbow surgery and has never missed any time in his 18 year career due to shoulder problems.


Yes he has. From 2005...

"Smoltz is the winningest pitcher in playoff history, but Cox will start Hudson in Game 1. Although Smoltz says his nagging shoulder injury is improving, Hudson is more likely to be able to go on short rest...Smoltz hasn't started since Sept. 23, but he says he sat out just to be on the safe side: "Rather than push it for no reason, I chose to scale down my innings."...But Smoltz's shoulder, plus the Braves' season-long struggles to find reliable fourth and fifth starters, are concerns given the Astros' pitching strength."

http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/playoffs/2005-1...-braves-astros_x.htm



In the 2005 playoffs, Smoltz not only started, but won the game he pitched and went 7 innings and gave up 1 run. As I said before, he has never missed any time due to his shoulder, and his major league career started in 1988.

It seems that you don't get it, and I can understand that due to the fact that you never pitched, but trying to turn people away from a John Smoltz delivery that has lasted for about 22 years of pro ball and then show a clip of yourself in the back yard is a joke.

You can't teach pitching for the same reason I can't teach someone how to play the violin.
In 2005 Smoltz pitched 230 innings and came back to pitch 230 more in 2006. Sore arms happen to all pitchers at one time or another. He actually did pitch in the 2005 playoff mentioned. Are we talking about every time a missed appearance or extra days rest happens it is due to mechanics or arm action, rather than work load?

Back to my original opinion. Good arm action (by itself) is not necessarily a mechanical thing. It’s a very natural thing and I think most pitching coaches and scouts know it when they see it. It can be improved to a degree, but I’m not sure anyone can teach good arm action. I consider it much the same as the ability to jump (you can improve it, but you can’t teach the natural part of it)

Smoltz and Pedro both have “great” arm action IMO. If someone thinks they don’t… Please explain what is bad about it! Pitchers with good arm action get hurt sometimes. Pitchers with great mechanics get hurt sometimes. But long successful careers should be the most important telling sign!
Put a player on his knees and see how far he can throw a ball. There can be no legs or rotation from flat on the knees.

Put a player in an arm cast (no movement expect from the shoulders) and see how far they can throw it. Let them take a running start if they like.

A 90 mph fast ball occurs because the hand is moving 90 mph at release. I don't think you can get 90 mph out of your legs and core. Don't misunderstand or misquote. The legs and core are really important. The momemtum is being transferred up from the legs through the core to the wip action of the arms. But to deemphasize the arm action is just wrong.
quote:
Originally posted by PGStaff:
Smoltz and Pedro both have “great” arm action IMO. If someone thinks they don’t… Please explain what is bad about it! Pitchers with good arm action get hurt sometimes. Pitchers with great mechanics get hurt sometimes. But long successful careers should be the most important telling sign!


I think that Smoltz and Martinez have borderline good arm action because they show signs of the Inverted W (which I think is problematic) but also don't do it as much as guys like Mark Prior or Billy Wagner.

There's no question that they have been successful, but when it comes to role models for arm action, I prefer guys like Ryan, Maddux, Glavine, Marichal, and Oswalt.
In essence, baseballpapa, that is what I have been trying to say. Again, I am certainly no expert, just an 18 year old kid looking to improve. That being said, I am wondering about the arm path that the pitching arm should take from handbreak to release. Freddy Garcia gets his arm up into pre-launch position very early. Josh Beckett keeps his arm low until the last possible second before driving it up and eventually to his release point. I am curious to see what those posting on this forum believe is the path the arm should take. And for those who think arm action is inherently a natural thing that cannot be taught but merely "improved", how does a pitcher improve his arm action?
Here's where I am really no expert. However, I'm also convinced the experts are not either.

I believe any mechanics, and arm slot, any weight program, any other conditioning program cannot prevent arm injuries when pitchers are throwing at relatively high velocities. The greater the velocity, the greater the chance for injury. If you throw a ball 5 mph you probably won't get hurt. Keep throwing it harder and you increase chance of injury.

I do believe there are bad mechanics that can cause greater chances of arm injury. I just believe the tissues we have can break down, no matter what after time regardless of mechanics. I laugh at the experts who blame arm slots and mechanics on major league pitcher injuries.

There seems to be "degrees of freedom" with arm slot and no one way. Most are at 3/4 delivery and most circle to varying degrees, some are longer some shorter. One absolute seems to be double flexion and double extension through the delivery. I don't think anyone here can tell you where your arm slot should be, or arm action, on a board like this.
I am certainly not looking for someone to tell me what arm action to use when pitching, as none of you have seen me throw. My question was, and still remains, what do YOU as posters on this forum personally believe is the correct arm action? If you were to get up on the mound and pitch today, how would you describe the arm path your arm takes when you pitch the baseball?
quote:
Originally posted by baseballpapa:
Here's where I am really no expert. However, I'm also convinced the experts are not either.

I believe any mechanics, and arm slot, any weight program, any other conditioning program cannot prevent arm injuries when pitchers are throwing at relatively high velocities. The greater the velocity, the greater the chance for injury. If you throw a ball 5 mph you probably won't get hurt. Keep throwing it harder and you increase chance of injury.

I do believe there are bad mechanics that can cause greater chances of arm injury. I just believe the tissues we have can break down, no matter what after time regardless of mechanics. I laugh at the experts who blame arm slots and mechanics on major league pitcher injuries.
My sentiments exactly!!
To echo a lot of other people, when you throw 8 or 9 innings at a decent velocity you are going to have a bit of a sore arm. We try to keep the kids from pitching through pain, but the reality is that all professional pitchers pitch through soreness and many outright pain at some point in their careers. Even Scott Shields of the rubber arm had shoulder soreness this spring.

People who have pitched, even those of us who didn't throw all that hard understand.

UNHbaseball,
Everybody is different. There is no one right arm action.
Last edited by CADad

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