ne14bb,
It seems that you're misunderstanding some things.
People mean various things by the term "redshirt", but I'm not aware of any usage that relates to being a counter. A "counter" is a player who is receiving athletic aid. All counters must be listed on the 35 man roster, but there can't be more than 27 counters.
At the end of any season, typically a few players will end up having not appeared in any games. That could happen by pre-arrangement between player and coach, because a player was injured before the season began, or because the coach just didn't ever put the player in the game. Whatever the reason, the effect is that the player didn't use a season of competition.
The NCAA has no interest in any pre-arrangement, and there is nothing to declare until the following fall, when squad lists are submitted. Some teams keep track of freshman who didn't play, and lists them the following year (on the website) as a RS freshman. That means that the player is in his second year of school but has 4 season of eligibility remaining. However, the NCAA simply keeps track of when a D1 player first enters school full-time, and also how many season of competition the player has used.
People often believe that pre-arranging to "redshirt" carries some benefit. It doesn't, and that's why the NCAA isn't interested. The pre-arrangement simply means that the coach is quite sure that the player won't be useful in games during that season.
Sometimes a player who did play in some games suffers a season-ending injury, receives a hardship waiver, and is so deemed to have not used a season of competition. In a sense, such a "medical redshirt" carries a benefit-- a player can have played in a few games, but doesn't use a season of competition. However, the benefit comes at the cost of a serious injury.