union2b,
"when can colleges start contracting him?"
I assume you mean contact, and that you mean this in the ordinary sense of the word. (In NCAA-speak, "contact" means specifically a face-to-face encounter between a prospective student athlete and certain members of the college.)
- Junior colleges and community colleges have recruiting rules which are too complicated to be easily summarized.
- NAIA is pretty much wide open with respect to recruiting.
- D3 allows calls at any time (except to the prospect's high school, or on the day of his games). Face to face meetings can take place anywhere, anytime following his junior year. Colleges can mail promotional material at any time.
- D2 allows colleges to send letters and recruiting materials after Sept 1 of the junior year. Phone calls can be initiated by the coaches after June 15 following the junior year; phone calls initiated by the prospect are allowed at any time.
- D1 is similar to D2, except phone calls from the coach are allowed after July 1 of the junior year.
In all divisions, on-campus discussion (including verbal non-binding financial offers) can take place at any time. Of course, in D3, any financial offer would be unrelated to athletics.
I think that typically there is a progression in recruiting, which has the effect that only D1 schools recruit much before a player's senior year.