2020.
How is it, if the schools you're addressing are filled with brilliant people "many of whom come from the upper crust of society," have 60% of its students on financial aid (average aid over $42,000 at Princeton)? Is the "upper crust" so thin that kids from that strata need financial aid?
True, there is a correlation between a households educational background and higher test scores and grades; true, the better off economically a household is the higher the test scores and grades. But the average scores from admitted students are 31 - 35 ACT. While testing prep can have a huge advantage over those who cannot afford it, only the most unusual can buy their way to a 34.
IMO, those elite schools are heavily skewed - to the kids of the economically better off, to the kids who worked their tails off pursuing something to great depths (during HS), to the kids of hard working parents who pushed those kids without mercy to be better than their parents.
The education at those schools are no better or worse then education available at most colleges (calculus is calculus); the teaching methods are no better or no worse. But the raw material (the students) for the most part are far different when compared to the overall raw material.
As to admitting a student with an ACT of 16, I ask why? Why should that kid be admitted instead of an ISEF (Intel Science and Engineering fair) first place winner? There are limited numbers of spots, and the kid who began blossoming in HS (a minority of kids) has earned consideration for admission. Since well over 30,000 applications inundate these schools, these schools choose the top scorers, top grades, top science award winners, top dancers; whatever demonstrates that the kid brings something to the table. Yes, the "princelings" and upper crust America are admitted - but those kids are the minority. And even better for the other kids, they make the connections with those kids (and the kids families), all of which create the network which is used to propel careers.
While anecdotal evidence can hardly be stretched to make broad conclusions, S's teammates generally mirrored the general student body; over half on FA, some had the schools buildings named after a family member. Throughout the years, their employment also mirrored the general student body. Starting salaries approach six figures for these guys (the financial sector was a focus)- in their first year out of school - and that had nothing to do with family connections. That happens to be what the big boy financial sector pays. (We can probably agree that there is no way a first year graduate is worth it, but they do work a lot.)
Here's the recipe: smart overachieving kids, mixed In with high society kids (also smart and overachieving), yields lots of wonderful opportunities.
Bringing it it back to baseball, if a kid can leverage his baseball skills into a spot in the class, that kid has access to all the opportunities which come from an elite school. We can theorize that a fairer system would be better, but it's the system we have now and for those lucky and skilled few, IMO, they should take advantage of it.