It is important to have some non-throwing down time, maybe like 3-4 weeks. Can continue to do workouts in the weight room and running/cycling/jump rope.
Then when ready to pick the ball back up 3-4 days a week of long toss. Throwdown practice can be done in a cage with full gear working on footwork and throwing to a target hung at the 5-6' height at the opposite end of the cage. The jump-pivot or load and throw can be practiced without throwing. Start at the runner on position and lob to the catcher and he can repeat all the way to ball at the ear. During long toss and regular "playing catch" the bringing the ball from the glove to the ear can and should be practiced.
As far as actual throwing to the bases, any more than 8 or so throws in a row may become counter productive as you may tire and mechanics suffer. The catcher throwdown is a different throw than that made by a pitcher in a bullpen. Can't repeat as many as it is a much more involved routine when done at full speed.
During the season, the catcher gets practice every inning and should always treat that throwdown at game speed. Make sure the pitcher delivers that last warmup pitch at game speed too. We used to see a lot of pitchers lob that last one in there thinking they are helping the catcher out by serving him a nice easy throw.
I would say that when the mechanics are worked out, the best way of improving is long toss and repeating the footwork. Footwork can be practiced at home in front of a mirror and long toss can get and keep that arm strength up. The throwing to the actual bases during routine practice will exhibit the dedication to footwork drills and longtoss.
